PRACTICE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES IN A HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
Keywords:
Physical Education, Hospital Care, Health CareAbstract
Introduction: Among the most commonly practiced physical exercise (PE) in a hospital setting are mobility exercises, usually as part of physical therapy care. However, most patients lose the ability to perform activities of daily living, as this inability has been associated with increased hospital readmissions and mortality. Objective: To study evidence on exercise interventions, study the impacts of the practice of exercises on clinical outcomes and discuss the performance of the PE professional in a hospital environment. Materials and Methods: This is a bibliographic, descriptive and systematized study based on analyzing scientific articles on physical exercises in the hospital setting in hospitalized patients. Original, indexed articles published between 2008 and 2021 were included. Sixteen articles concerning the central theme addressed the impact of physical exercise practice on hospital outcomes. Results: Fourteen articles were evaluated, describing the main recommendations for practicing physical exercises and the evaluation mechanisms. Another 16 articles addressed the impact of the practice of physical exercises on hospital outcomes. Regarding the central theme, 10 publications were observed reporting the performance of Physical Education Professionals, focusing on rehabilitation in surgical patients or as an adjuvant treatment in chronic patients. Conclusion: The practice of physical exercises is widely recognized in the literature as an important method for maintaining health. Studies associate earlier exercise with favorable clinical outcomes and a reduction in hospital length of stay, and the results also highlight the importance of the professional for clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients.
References
Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports. 1985;100(2):126.
Gill TM, Pahor M, Guralnik JM, McDermott MM, King AC, Buford TW, et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of serious fall injuries in adults aged 70-89: randomized clinical trial (LIFE Study). bmj [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 May 20];352. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i245.abstract
Lim SE, Ibrahim K, Sayer AA, Roberts HC. Assessment of physical activity of hospitalized older adults: a systematic review. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. 2018;22(3):377–86.
Geelen SJG, Giele BM, Engelbert RHH, De Moree S, Veenhof C, Nollet F, et al. Barriers to and solutions for improving physical activity in adults during hospital stay: a mixed-methods study among healthcare professionals. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2022 Jul 17;44(15):4004–13.
Ehlenbach WJ, Larson EB, Randall Curtis J, Hough CL. Physical Function and Disability After Acute Care and Critical Illness Hospitalizations in a Prospective Cohort of Older Adults. J American Geriatrics Society. 2015 Oct;63(10):2061–9.
Carvalho TC, Valle AP do, Jacinto AF, Mayoral VF de S, Boas PJFV. Impacto da hospitalização na funcionalidade de idosos: estudo de coorte. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 2018;21:134–42.
Ibarra Cornejo JL, Fernández Lara MJ, Aguas Alveal EV, Pozo Castro AF, Antillanca Hernández B, Quidequeo Reffers DG. Efectos del reposo prolongado en adultos mayores hospitalizados. In: Anales de la Facultad de Medicina [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 May 20]. p. 439–44. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S1025-55832017000400013&script=sci_abstract
Guedes LPCM, Oliveira MLC de, Carvalho G de A. Efeitos deletérios do tempo prolongado no leito nos sistemas corporais dos idosos-uma revisão. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 2018;21:499–506.
Hoyer EH, Brotman DJ, Chan KS, Needham DM. Barriers to early mobility of hospitalized general medicine patients: survey development and results. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2015;94(4):304–12.
Santos GGD. O potencial de ação do profissional de educação física na área hospitalar [Internet] [Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)]. [Lajeado]: Universidade do Vale do Taquari; 2018 [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1787
Cops J, Haesen S, De Moor B, Mullens W, Hansen D. Exercise intervention in hospitalized heart failure patients, with emphasis on congestion-related complications: a review. Heart Fail Rev. 2020 Mar;25(2):257–68.
Rocca A, Brunese MC, Cappuccio M, Scacchi A, Martucci G, Buondonno A, et al. Impact of physical activity on disability risk in elderly patients hospitalized for mild acute diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding undergone conservative management. Medicina. 2021;57(4):360.
Salvi R, Meoli I, Cennamo A, Perrotta F, Saverio Cerqua F, Montesano R, et al. Preoperative high-intensity training in frail old patients undergoing pulmonary resection for NSCLC. Open Medicine. 2016 Jan 1;11(1):443–8.
Fossat G, Baudin F, Courtes L, Bobet S, Dupont A, Bretagnol A, et al. Effect of in-bed leg cycling and electrical stimulation of the quadriceps on global muscle strength in critically ill adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama. 2018;320(4):368–78.
Costa MF de L, Petto J, Gomes VA, Prazeres LS dos, Santos ACN dos, Almeida M da CG, et al. Efeitos dos exercícios funcionais e neuromusculares no tempo de internação e controle pressórico de pacientes hospitalizados. ABCS health sci. 2015;33–7.
Yen HC, Chen WS, Jeng JS, Luh JJ, Lee YY, Pan GS. Standard early rehabilitation and lower limb transcutaneous nerve or neuromuscular electrical stimulation in acute stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2019 Aug;33(8):1344–54.
Knaut C. Avaliação dos efeitos do programa de exercício físico aeróbico de curta duração em pacientes hospitalizados por exacerbação aguda da dpoc nos diferentes desfechos clínicos. 2019 [cited 2025 May 20]; Available from: https://repositorio.unesp.br/items/78280b2d-bce7-49a4-8d05-5198cb17a448
Vincent EE, Chaplin EJ, Williams JE, Harvey-Dunstan T, Greening NJ, Steiner MC, et al. Experiences of patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation during an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2017 Aug;14(3):298–308.
Forestieri P, Guizilini S, Peres M, Bublitz C, Bolzan DW, Rocco IS, et al. A cycle ergometer exercise program improves exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle function in hospitalized patients awaiting heart transplantation: a pilot study. Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery. 2016;31:389–95.
Brasil. Lei no 8080, de 19 de setembro de 1990. Dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes e dá outras providências. Brasília – DF: 1990. Available from: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8080.htm
Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução no 218/1997. Reconhece como profissionais de saúde de nível superior. Brasília – DF: 1997. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/cns/1997/res0218_06_03_1997.html
Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução no 287, de 08 de outubro de 1998. Reconhece como profissionais de saúde de nível superior. Brasília – DF: 1998. Available from: https://www.gov.br/conselho-nacional-de-saude/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/atos-normativos/resolucoes/1998/resolucao-no-287.pdf/view
Conselho Federal de Educação Física. A intervenção do profissional de Educação Física na saúde. CONFEF - Conselho Federal de Educação Física. 2010 [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://confef.org.br/confef/conteudo/1705
Conselho Federais e Regionais de Educação Física. Resolução no 391, de 26 de agosto de 2020. Define atuação do Profissional de Educação Física em contextos hospitalares - CREF14 - Conselho Regional de Educação Física [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://cref14.org.br/resolucao-n-391-2020-define-atuacao-do-profissional-de-educacao-fisica-em-contextos-hospitalares/
Madruga LM de S, Ribeiro KSQS, Freitas CHS de M, Pérez I de AB, Pessoa TRRF, Brito GEG de. O PET-Saúde da Família e a formação de profissionais da saúde: a percepção de estudantes. Interface (Botucatu). 2015 Aug;19:805–16.
Saporetti GM, Miranda PSC, Belisário SA. O profissional de educação física ea promoção da saúde em núcleos de apoio à saúde da família. Trabalho, Educação e Saúde. 2016;14(2):523–43.
Xavier TGM, Araújo YBD, Reichert AP dos S, Collet N. Classe hospitalar: produção do conhecimento em saúde e educação. Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial. 2013;19(04):611–22.
Chaves DDM. Atuação do profissional de educação física no contexto Hospitalar. 2017 [cited 2025 May 20]; Available from: https://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/36234
Dias LA, de Cesaro Antunes P, de Paiva Arantes VH. Expectativas de atuação profissional de professores (as) de Educação Física em hospitais públicos brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 May 20];36. Available from: http://www.rbce.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBCE/article/view/2119
Silva PSCD. Núcleo de apoio à saúde da família: aspectos legais, conceitos e possibilidades para a atuação dos profissionais de Educação Física. 2016;
Corrêa LQ, Valério MP, Teixeira AO, Guerreiro LF, Silveira DF, Machado PT, et al. A atuação da educação física nas residências multiprofissionais em saúde. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde. 2014;27(3):428–33.
Ryrsø CK, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Ritz C, Pedersen BK, Hegelund MH, Dungu AM, et al. The impact of physical training on length of hospital stay and physical function in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Dec;22(1):571.
Ferreira LEA, Ariki PE, de Souza IMS, Zanachi JA. Educação física: sua aplicabilidade no ambiente hospitalar. Anais do fórum de iniciação científica do UNIFUNEC. 2020 [cited 2025 May 20];11(11). Available from: https://seer.unifunec.edu.br/index.php/forum/article/view/4978
